Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) leaves: Effect of maturity stage on phytochemicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes inhibitory activity

Although phytochemical contents of Gac fruit have been extensively analyzed, information about the bioactive compounds and valorization leaves is limited. In this study, (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) at different maturity stages (young: YL, mature: ML old: OL leaves) were extracted during a 20 min 150-W sonication process. Color, phytochemicals, antioxidant activity, inhibitory effects against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes assessed by colorimetric, high-performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Results indicated decrease in L* (lightness) an increase a* (greenness–redness) maturation leaves. The YL extract had highest phytochemicals with 4897.01 (mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE] per 100 gram dried weight [DW]), total phenolics, 592.81 querce-tin [QE]/100 g DW), flavonoids, 34.77% ?-amylase 40.21% ?-glucosidase activity. Myricetin (43%), vitexin (22%), esculetin (11%) major detected extract. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like capacity decreased from 11,599.96 to 3,999.63 U/g DW transformation OL. Extract was found be potential ingredient for food preservation supplementation that could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.